The A - Z of Herbs - Sowing to Harvesting
Aloe Vera (Aloe vera)
Description: Aloe Vera is a succulent plant species with thick, fleshy leaves that contain a clear gel. This gel is widely used for its soothing and healing properties.
Sowing: Aloe Vera is typically propagated from offsets rather than seeds. Plant the offsets in well-drained soil in spring or summer.
Seedlings: Aloe Vera prefers full sun and warm temperatures.
Soil Type: Aloe Vera thrives in well-drained, sandy soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding perlite or sand to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Aloe Vera is drought-tolerant and does not require frequent watering. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season.
Harvesting: Harvest Aloe Vera leaves as needed by cutting them close to the base of the plant. Use the gel inside the leaves for topical applications.
Nutritional Value: Aloe Vera gel contains vitamins A, C, and E, as well as antioxidants and enzymes.
Culinary Uses: Aloe Vera gel can be used in smoothies and beverages, but it is more commonly used for its medicinal properties.
Fun Fact: Aloe Vera has been used for thousands of years for its healing properties and was known as the “plant of immortality” in ancient Egypt.
Anise (Pimpinella anisum)
Also Known As: Aniseed
Description: Anise is an annual herb with feathery leaves and small white flowers. It is cultivated for its seeds, which have a licorice-like flavor.
Sowing: Sow Anise seeds directly outdoors in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-drained soil. Thin seedlings to 6-12 inches apart.
Seedlings: Anise prefers full sun and warm temperatures.
Soil Type: Anise thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Anise seeds when the flower heads turn brown and dry, usually 100-120 days after sowing. Cut the flower heads and hang them upside down to dry.
Nutritional Value: Anise seeds are rich in vitamins A and C, as well as minerals like calcium and iron.
Culinary Uses: Anise seeds are used to flavor pastries, bread, and beverages. They are also used in liqueurs like absinthe and ouzo.
Fun Fact: Anise has been used since ancient times for its medicinal properties and as a flavoring agent.
Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
Also Known As: Sweet Basil
Description: Basil is an annual herb with aromatic leaves that are commonly used in cooking. It has a sweet, slightly peppery flavor.
Sowing: Sow Basil seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed-starting mix. Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed, spacing them 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Basil prefers full sun and warm temperatures.
Soil Type: Basil thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Pinch off the flower buds to encourage leaf growth. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Basil leaves as needed by pinching them off the stems. Regular harvesting encourages new growth.
Nutritional Value: Basil is rich in vitamins A, C, and K, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Basil is commonly used in Italian cuisine, especially in pesto, salads, and pasta dishes.
Fun Fact: Basil is considered a symbol of love in Italy and is often given as a gift to express affection.
Bay Leaf (Laurus nobilis)
Also Known As: Laurel Leaf
Description: Bay Leaf is an evergreen tree with aromatic leaves that are used as a spice in cooking. The leaves have a slightly bitter taste and a strong aroma.
Sowing: Bay Leaf is typically propagated from cuttings rather than seeds. Plant the cuttings in well-drained soil in spring or summer.
Seedlings: Bay Leaf prefers full sun and warm temperatures.
Soil Type: Bay Leaf thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Bay Leaves as needed by cutting them from the tree. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Bay Leaves contain vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Bay Leaves are used to flavor soups, stews, and sauces. They are typically removed from the dish before serving.
Fun Fact: Bay Leaves were used to make laurel wreaths in ancient Greece and Rome, symbolizing victory and honor.
Borage (Borago officinalis)
Also Known As: Starflower
Description: Borage is an annual herb with bright blue, star-shaped flowers and hairy leaves. It has a mild cucumber flavor.
Sowing: Sow Borage seeds directly outdoors in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-drained soil. Thin seedlings to 12 inches apart.
Seedlings: Borage prefers full sun and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Borage thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Borage leaves and flowers as needed. The leaves can be used fresh or dried, and the flowers can be used as a garnish.
Nutritional Value: Borage is rich in vitamins A and C, as well as minerals like calcium and potassium.
Culinary Uses: Borage leaves can be used in salads, soups, and beverages. The flowers are often used as a garnish.
Fun Fact: Borage is known for its ability to attract pollinators, making it a great addition to any garden.
Caraway (Carum carvi)
Also Known As: Meridian Fennel, Persian Cumin
Description: Caraway is a biennial herb with feathery leaves and small white flowers. It is cultivated for its seeds, which have a warm, slightly sharp taste.
Sowing: Sow Caraway seeds directly outdoors in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-drained soil. Thin seedlings to 6-12 inches apart.
Seedlings: Caraway prefers full sun and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Caraway thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Caraway seeds when the flower heads turn brown and dry, usually 100-120 days after sowing. Cut the flower heads and hang them upside down to dry.
Nutritional Value: Caraway seeds are rich in vitamins A and C, as well as minerals like calcium and iron.
Culinary Uses: Caraway seeds are used to flavor bread, cheese, and meat dishes. They are also used in liqueurs like aquavit and kümmel.
Fun Fact: Caraway has been used since ancient times for its medicinal properties and as a flavoring agent.
Catnip (Nepeta cataria)
Also Known As: Catmint
Description: Catnip is a perennial herb with aromatic leaves that are particularly exciting to cats. It has small white or pink flowers with purple spots.
Sowing: Sow Catnip seeds directly outdoors in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-drained soil. Thin seedlings to 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Catnip prefers full sun and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Catnip thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Catnip leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Catnip contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Catnip is used in herbal teas and as a seasoning for various dishes.
Fun Fact: Catnip contains a compound called nepetalactone, which triggers excitatory reactions in cats.
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
Also Known As: German Chamomile, Roman Chamomile
Description: Chamomile is a daisy-like plant with small white petals and a yellow center. It is known for its calming properties and is often used in teas.
Sowing: Sow Chamomile seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date in spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed-starting mix. Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed, spacing them 6-12 inches apart.
Seedlings: Chamomile prefers full sun and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Chamomile thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Chamomile flowers as needed by cutting them from the plant. The flowers can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Chamomile contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Chamomile is commonly used in herbal teas and as a flavoring for various dishes.
Fun Fact: Chamomile has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties and is known for its calming effects.
Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium)
Also Known As: French Parsley
Description: Chervil is an annual herb with delicate, fern-like leaves and a mild, anise-like flavor. It is often used in French cuisine.
Sowing: Sow Chervil seeds directly outdoors in early spring or late summer for a fall harvest. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-drained soil. Thin seedlings to 6-12 inches apart.
Seedlings: Chervil prefers partial shade and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Chervil thrives in rich, well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Chervil leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Chervil is rich in vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Chervil is commonly used in soups, salads, and sauces. It is a key ingredient in the French herb blend “fines herbes.”
Fun Fact: Chervil is believed to have been used by the ancient Romans for its medicinal properties.
Chives (Allium schoenoprasum)
Description: Chives are a perennial herb with slender, hollow leaves and a mild onion flavor. They produce small, purple flowers that are also edible.
Sowing: Sow Chive seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed-starting mix. Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed, spacing them 6-12 inches apart.
Seedlings: Chives prefer full sun and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Chives thrive in rich, well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Chive leaves as needed by cutting them from the base of the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Chives are rich in vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Chives are commonly used as a garnish for soups, salads, and baked potatoes. The flowers can be used to add color to dishes.
Fun Fact: Chives are one of the “fines herbes” of French cuisine, along with parsley, tarragon, and chervil.
Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum)
Also Known As: Coriander
Description: Cilantro is an annual herb with bright green, feathery leaves and a distinctive, citrusy flavor. The seeds of the plant are known as coriander.
Sowing: Sow Cilantro seeds directly outdoors in early spring or late summer for a fall harvest. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-drained soil. Thin seedlings to 6-12 inches apart.
Seedlings: Cilantro prefers full sun and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Cilantro thrives in rich, well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Cilantro leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried. Harvest coriander seeds when they turn brown and dry.
Nutritional Value: Cilantro is rich in vitamins A, C, and K, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Cilantro is commonly used in Mexican, Indian, and Thai cuisine. The leaves are used in salsas, curries, and salads, while the seeds are used as a spice.
Fun Fact: Cilantro is one of the oldest herbs, with evidence of its use dating back to ancient Egypt.
Comfrey (Symphytum officinale)
Also Known As: Knitbone
Description: Comfrey is a perennial herb with large, hairy leaves and bell-shaped flowers. It is known for its medicinal properties and is often used in herbal remedies.
Sowing: Sow Comfrey seeds directly outdoors in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-drained soil. Thin seedlings to 18-24 inches apart.
Seedlings: Comfrey prefers full sun to partial shade and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Comfrey thrives in rich, well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Comfrey leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Comfrey contains vitamins A and C, as well as minerals like calcium and potassium.
Culinary Uses: Comfrey is not commonly used in cooking due to its potential toxicity. It is primarily used in herbal medicine.
Fun Fact: Comfrey has been used for centuries to treat wounds and broken bones, earning it the nickname “knitbone.”
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum)
Also Known As: Cilantro
Description: Coriander is an annual herb with bright green, feathery leaves and a distinctive, citrusy flavor. The leaves are known as cilantro, while the seeds are known as coriander.
Sowing: Sow Coriander seeds directly outdoors in early spring or late summer for a fall harvest. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-drained soil. Thin seedlings to 6-12 inches apart.
Seedlings: Coriander prefers full sun and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Coriander thrives in rich, well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Coriander leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried. Harvest coriander seeds when they turn brown and dry.
Nutritional Value: Coriander is rich in vitamins A, C, and K, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Coriander is commonly used in Mexican, Indian, and Thai cuisine. The leaves are used in salsas, curries, and salads, while the seeds are used as a spice.
Fun Fact: Coriander is one of the oldest herbs, with evidence of its use dating back to ancient Egypt.
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum)
Description: Cumin is an annual herb with feathery leaves and small white or pink flowers. It is cultivated for its seeds, which have a warm, earthy flavor.
Sowing: Sow Cumin seeds directly outdoors in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-drained soil. Thin seedlings to 6-12 inches apart.
Seedlings: Cumin prefers full sun and warm temperatures.
Soil Type: Cumin thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Cumin seeds when the flower heads turn brown and dry, usually 100-120 days after sowing. Cut the flower heads and hang them upside down to dry.
Nutritional Value: Cumin seeds are rich in vitamins A and C, as well as minerals like calcium and iron.
Culinary Uses: Cumin seeds are used to flavor a variety of dishes, including curries, stews, and bread.
Fun Fact: Cumin has been used since ancient times for its medicinal properties and as a flavoring agent.
Dill (Anethum graveolens)
Description: Dill is an annual herb with feathery, blue-green leaves and small yellow flowers. It has a distinctive, tangy flavor and is often used in pickling.
Sowing: Sow Dill seeds directly outdoors in early spring or late summer for a fall harvest. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-drained soil. Thin seedlings to 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Dill prefers full sun and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Dill thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Dill leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried. Harvest Dill seeds when the flower heads turn brown and dry.
Nutritional Value: Dill is rich in vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Dill is commonly used in pickling, as well as in soups, salads, and sauces.
Fun Fact: Dill has been used since ancient times for its medicinal properties and as a flavoring agent.
Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea)
Also Known As: Purple Coneflower
Description: Echinacea is a perennial herb with large, daisy-like flowers that are typically purple or pink. It is known for its immune-boosting properties.
Sowing: Sow Echinacea seeds indoors 8-10 weeks before the last frost date in spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed-starting mix. Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed, spacing them 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Echinacea prefers full sun and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Echinacea thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Echinacea flowers as needed by cutting them from the plant. The flowers can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Echinacea contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Echinacea is commonly used in herbal teas and as a flavoring for various dishes.
Fun Fact: Echinacea has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties and is known for its immune-boosting effects.
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
Description: Fennel is a perennial herb with feathery, green leaves and small yellow flowers. It has a sweet, licorice-like flavor and is often used in cooking.
Sowing: Sow Fennel seeds directly outdoors in early spring or late summer for a fall harvest. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-drained soil. Thin seedlings to 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Fennel prefers full sun and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Fennel thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Fennel leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried. Harvest Fennel seeds when the flower heads turn brown and dry.
Nutritional Value: Fennel is rich in vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Fennel is commonly used in soups, salads, and sauces, as well as in pickling.
Fun Fact: Fennel has been used since ancient times for its medicinal properties and as a flavoring agent.
Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium)
Description: Feverfew is a perennial herb with small, daisy-like flowers and aromatic leaves. It is known for its medicinal properties, particularly in treating migraines.
Sowing: Sow Feverfew seeds directly outdoors in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-drained soil. Thin seedlings to 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Feverfew prefers full sun and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Feverfew thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Feverfew leaves and flowers as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves and flowers can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Feverfew contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Feverfew is not commonly used in cooking due to its bitter taste. It is primarily used in herbal medicine.
Fun Fact: Feverfew has been used for centuries to treat migraines and other ailments.
Garlic (Allium sativum)
Description: Garlic is a perennial herb with a strong, pungent flavor. It is widely used in cooking and has numerous health benefits.
Sowing: Plant Garlic cloves directly outdoors in early spring or late fall. Space cloves 4-6 inches apart in rows 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Garlic prefers full sun and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Garlic thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Garlic bulbs when the leaves start to yellow and die back, usually in mid-summer. Gently dig up the bulbs from the soil.
Nutritional Value: Garlic is rich in vitamins C and B6, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Garlic is commonly used in a variety of dishes, including soups, sauces, and marinades.
Fun Fact: Garlic has been used for thousands of years for its medicinal properties and is known for its ability to boost the immune system.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Description: Ginger is a perennial herb with a thick, knobby rhizome that is widely used as a spice and for its medicinal properties. It has a pungent, spicy flavor.
Sowing: Plant Ginger rhizomes directly outdoors in early spring. Space rhizomes 12 inches apart in rows 24 inches apart.
Seedlings: Ginger prefers partial shade and warm temperatures.
Soil Type: Ginger thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Ginger rhizomes when the leaves start to yellow and die back, usually 8-10 months after planting. Gently dig up the rhizomes from the soil.
Nutritional Value: Ginger is rich in vitamins B6 and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Ginger is commonly used in a variety of dishes, including soups, sauces, and marinades. It is also used in beverages like ginger tea and ginger ale.
Fun Fact: Ginger has been used for thousands of years for its medicinal properties and is known for its ability to alleviate nausea and digestive issues.
Horehound (Marrubium vulgare)
Also Known As: White Horehound
Description: Horehound is a perennial herb with woolly, white leaves and small white flowers. It has a bitter taste and is often used in herbal remedies.
Sowing: Sow Horehound seeds directly outdoors in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-drained soil. Thin seedlings to 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Horehound prefers full sun and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Horehound thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Horehound leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Horehound contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Horehound is used to make herbal teas and candies. It is also used in cough syrups and lozenges.
Fun Fact: Horehound has been used for centuries to treat respiratory ailments and digestive issues.
Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis)
Description: Hyssop is a perennial herb with aromatic leaves and spikes of small blue, pink, or white flowers. It has a slightly bitter taste and is often used in herbal remedies.
Sowing: Sow Hyssop seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed-starting mix. Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed, spacing them 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Hyssop prefers full sun and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Hyssop thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Hyssop leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Hyssop contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Hyssop is used in herbal teas and as a seasoning for various dishes.
Fun Fact: Hyssop has been used since ancient times for its medicinal properties and is mentioned in the Bible for its cleansing and purifying qualities.
Lavender (Lavandula)
Description: Lavender is a perennial herb with fragrant purple flowers and gray-green leaves. It is widely used for its aromatic and medicinal properties.
Sowing: Sow Lavender seeds indoors 10-12 weeks before the last frost date in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed-starting mix. Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed, spacing them 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Lavender prefers full sun and warm temperatures.
Soil Type: Lavender thrives in well-drained, sandy soil with a pH between 6.0 and 8.0. Adding sand or gravel to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Lavender is drought-tolerant and does not require frequent watering. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season.
Harvesting: Harvest Lavender flowers as needed by cutting them from the plant. The flowers can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Lavender contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Lavender is used to flavor desserts, beverages, and savory dishes. It is also used in herbal teas and as a garnish.
Fun Fact: Lavender has been used for centuries for its calming and relaxing properties and is often used in aromatherapy.
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
Also Known As: Balm
Description: Lemon Balm is a perennial herb with lemon-scented leaves and small white flowers. It is known for its calming and soothing properties.
Sowing: Sow Lemon Balm seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed-starting mix. Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed, spacing them 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Lemon Balm prefers full sun to partial shade and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Lemon Balm thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Lemon Balm leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Lemon Balm contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Lemon Balm is used in herbal teas, salads, and desserts. It is also used as a flavoring for beverages and sauces.
Fun Fact: Lemon Balm has been used for centuries to reduce stress and anxiety and is often used in aromatherapy.
Lemon Verbena (Aloysia citrodora)
Description: Lemon Verbena is a deciduous shrub with lemon-scented leaves and small white or pale purple flowers. It is known for its refreshing aroma and flavor.
Sowing: Sow Lemon Verbena seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed-starting mix. Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed, spacing them 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Lemon Verbena prefers full sun and warm temperatures.
Soil Type: Lemon Verbena thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Lemon Verbena leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Lemon Verbena contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Lemon Verbena is used in herbal teas, desserts, and beverages. It is also used as a flavoring for various dishes.
Fun Fact: Lemon Verbena has been used for centuries for its calming and digestive properties and is often used in aromatherapy.
Lovage (Levisticum officinale)
Description: Lovage is a tall perennial herb with a flavor similar to celery. It has dark green, glossy leaves and yellow-green flowers.
Sowing: Sow Lovage seeds directly outdoors in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-drained soil. Thin seedlings to 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Lovage prefers full sun to partial shade and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Lovage thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Lovage leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried. The stems and seeds are also edible.
Nutritional Value: Lovage contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Lovage is used to flavor soups, stews, and salads. The leaves, stems, and seeds can all be used in cooking.
Fun Fact: Lovage has been used since ancient times for its medicinal properties and as a flavoring agent.
Marjoram (Origanum majorana)
Also Known As: Sweet Marjoram
Description: Marjoram is a cold-sensitive perennial herb with sweet pine and citrus flavors. It has small, oval leaves and tiny white or pink flowers.
Sowing: Sow Marjoram seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed-starting mix. Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed, spacing them 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Marjoram prefers full sun and warm temperatures.
Soil Type: Marjoram thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Marjoram leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Marjoram contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Marjoram is commonly used to flavor soups, stews, and meat dishes. It is also used in herb blends like herbes de Provence.
Fun Fact: Marjoram has been used since ancient times for its medicinal properties and as a symbol of happiness.
Mint (Mentha)
Description: Mint is a perennial herb with aromatic leaves and small purple, pink, or white flowers. It has a refreshing, cool flavor.
Sowing: Sow Mint seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed-starting mix. Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed, spacing them 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Mint prefers partial shade to full sun and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Mint thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mint can be invasive, so it is best grown in containers or with barriers to prevent spreading. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Mint leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Mint contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Mint is commonly used in teas, desserts, and savory dishes. It is also used as a garnish for beverages and salads.
Fun Fact: Mint has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties and is known for its ability to soothe digestive issues.
Oregano (Origanum vulgare)
Also Known As: Wild Marjoram
Description: Oregano is a perennial herb with aromatic leaves and small white, pink, or purple flowers. It has a strong, pungent flavor.
Sowing: Sow Oregano seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed-starting mix. Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed, spacing them 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Oregano prefers full sun and warm temperatures.
Soil Type: Oregano thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Oregano leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Oregano contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Oregano is commonly used to flavor Italian, Greek, and Mexican dishes. It is also used in herb blends like za’atar.
Fun Fact: Oregano has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties and is known for its ability to boost the immune system.
Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
Description: Parsley is a biennial herb with bright green, curly or flat leaves. It has a mild, slightly peppery flavor.
Sowing: Sow Parsley seeds directly outdoors in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-drained soil. Thin seedlings to 6-12 inches apart.
Seedlings: Parsley prefers full sun to partial shade and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Parsley thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Parsley leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Parsley is rich in vitamins A, C, and K, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Parsley is commonly used as a garnish and to flavor soups, salads, and sauces. It is also a key ingredient in tabbouleh and chimichurri.
Fun Fact: Parsley has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties and is known for its ability to freshen breath.
Peppermint (Mentha × piperita)
Description: Peppermint is a hybrid species of mint with a strong, sweetish odor and a cooling aftertaste. It has dark green leaves with reddish veins and small purple flowers.
Sowing: Plant Peppermint rhizomes directly outdoors in early spring. Space rhizomes 12 inches apart in rows 24 inches apart.
Seedlings: Peppermint prefers partial shade and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Peppermint thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Peppermint leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Peppermint contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Peppermint is commonly used in teas, desserts, and savory dishes. It is also used as a flavoring for candies and beverages.
Fun Fact: Peppermint has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties and is known for its ability to alleviate nausea and digestive issues.
Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus)
Description: Rosemary is a small evergreen shrub with needle-like leaves and small blue, pink, or white flowers. It has a pungent, slightly bitter taste.
Sowing: Sow Rosemary seeds indoors 10-12 weeks before the last frost date in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed-starting mix. Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed, spacing them 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Rosemary prefers full sun and warm temperatures.
Soil Type: Rosemary thrives in well-drained, sandy soil with a pH between 6.0 and 8.0. Adding sand or gravel to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Rosemary is drought-tolerant and does not require frequent watering. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season.
Harvesting: Harvest Rosemary leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Rosemary contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Rosemary is commonly used to flavor meats, soups, and stews. It is also used in herbal teas and as a garnish.
Fun Fact: Rosemary has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties and is known for its ability to improve memory and concentration.
Sage (Salvia officinalis)
Also Known As: Common Sage, Garden Sage
Description: Sage is a perennial herb with gray-green leaves and blue to purplish flowers. It has a strong, earthy flavor.
Sowing: Sow Sage seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed-starting mix. Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed, spacing them 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Sage prefers full sun and warm temperatures.
Soil Type: Sage thrives in well-drained, sandy soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding sand or gravel to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Sage is drought-tolerant and does not require frequent watering. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season.
Harvesting: Harvest Sage leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Sage contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Sage is commonly used to flavor meats, stuffings, and sauces. It is also used in herbal teas and as a garnish.
Fun Fact: Sage has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties and is known for its ability to soothe sore throats and improve digestion.
Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus)
Also Known As: French Tarragon
Description: Tarragon is a perennial herb with narrow, dark green leaves and small greenish-white flowers. It has a distinctive, anise-like flavor.
Sowing: Tarragon is typically propagated by cuttings or root division, as seeds are often sterile. Plant cuttings or divisions in well-drained soil in early spring.
Seedlings: Tarragon prefers full sun and warm temperatures.
Soil Type: Tarragon thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Tarragon leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Tarragon contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Tarragon is commonly used to flavor vinegars, mustards, and sauces. It is also used in herbal teas and as a garnish.
Fun Fact: Tarragon has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties and is known for its ability to stimulate appetite and improve digestion.
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
Also Known As: Common Thyme, Garden Thyme
Description: Thyme is a perennial herb with small, aromatic leaves and pink, purple, or white flowers. It has a strong, earthy flavor.
Sowing: Sow Thyme seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date in early spring. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed-starting mix. Transplant seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed, spacing them 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Thyme prefers full sun and warm temperatures.
Soil Type: Thyme thrives in well-drained, sandy soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding sand or gravel to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Thyme is drought-tolerant and does not require frequent watering. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season.
Harvesting: Harvest Thyme leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Thyme contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Thyme is commonly used to flavor meats, soups, and stews. It is also used in herbal teas and as a garnish.
Fun Fact: Thyme has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties and is known for its ability to boost the immune system and relieve respiratory issues.
Valerian (Valeriana officinalis)
Also Known As: Garden Heliotrope
Description: Valerian is a perennial herb with tall stems and clusters of small, sweetly scented pink or white flowers. It is known for its calming properties.
Sowing: Sow Valerian seeds directly outdoors in early spring or start them indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-drained soil. Thin seedlings to 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Valerian prefers full sun to partial shade and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Valerian thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Valerian roots in late autumn after the plant is well established (at least two years old). The roots can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Valerian contains compounds with sedative effects, such as valerenic acid and valepotriates.
Culinary Uses: Valerian is not commonly used in cooking due to its strong odor. It is primarily used in herbal medicine.
Fun Fact: Valerian has been used since ancient Greece and Rome for its medicinal properties.
Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens)
Also Known As: Checkerberry, Teaberry
Description: Wintergreen is a low-growing evergreen shrub with glossy green leaves and bright red berries. It has a minty aroma and flavor.
Sowing: Plant Wintergreen in early spring or fall. Space plants 12 inches apart to allow room for spreading. Plant them at the same depth as in their nursery pots.
Seedlings: Wintergreen prefers partial shade and cool temperatures.
Soil Type: Wintergreen thrives in well-drained, acidic soil with a pH between 4.5 and 6.0. Adding peat moss or pine needles can help lower the pH level.
Plant Care: Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize with leaf compost.
Harvesting: Harvest Wintergreen leaves and berries as needed. The leaves can be used fresh or dried, and the berries can be eaten raw or used in pies.
Nutritional Value: Wintergreen contains methyl salicylate, which has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
Culinary Uses: Wintergreen is used to flavor candies, chewing gum, and beverages. It is also used in herbal teas.
Fun Fact: Wintergreen oil is used in some dental hygiene products and as a flavoring for root beer.
Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium)
Also Known As: Absinthe
Description: Wormwood is a perennial herb with finely divided, aromatic silver-gray foliage and small yellow flowers. It is known for its use in the alcoholic beverage absinthe.
Sowing: Sow Wormwood seeds directly outdoors in spring or autumn. Plant seeds on the surface of the soil and do not cover them. Thin seedlings to 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Wormwood prefers full sun and well-drained soil.
Soil Type: Wormwood thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding sand or gravel to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Wormwood is drought-tolerant and does not require frequent watering. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Wormwood leaves as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Wormwood contains compounds such as thujone, which can be toxic in large amounts.
Culinary Uses: Wormwood is used to flavor absinthe and other alcoholic beverages. It is also used in herbal medicine.
Fun Fact: Wormwood has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties and as a natural insect repellent.
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
Also Known As: Common Yarrow
Description: Yarrow is a perennial herb with feathery, fern-like leaves and clusters of small white, pink, or yellow flowers. It has a strong, aromatic scent.
Sowing: Sow Yarrow seeds directly outdoors in early spring or late fall. Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-drained soil. Thin seedlings to 12-18 inches apart.
Seedlings: Yarrow prefers full sun and well-drained soil.
Soil Type: Yarrow thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil will promote healthy growth.
Plant Care: Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Yarrow is drought-tolerant and does not require frequent watering. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Harvesting: Harvest Yarrow leaves and flowers as needed by cutting them from the plant. The leaves and flowers can be used fresh or dried.
Nutritional Value: Yarrow contains vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants.
Culinary Uses: Yarrow is used in herbal teas and as a flavoring for various dishes.
Fun Fact: Yarrow has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties and is known for its ability to stop bleeding and promote wound healing.